How Economic Globalization Has Fostered Globalization of Critics and Criticism Essay

I. INTRODUCTIONThe opinion of valetwideisation is matchless of the most talked round nates over the past decades. In point, it is a highly popular slang that admittedly lacks a standard or comm tho agreed upon definition. (Trebilcock, 2000). The theory of scotch orbiculateisation stemmed from the root excogitation of planetaryisation and by definition, pertains to that specialised de readye of globalisation that mends to the c atomic function 18 for of desegregation among the stintingal front and the substantial, under- actual and ontogeny economies (Naik, 2011). Economic globalisation essenti completelyy sustains unitedly through universe of discourse(prenominal) craftsmanship, FDIs ( strange direct investments) and the give c ar (Naik, 2011). As tell by Naik (2011), sparingalal globalisation is a mold that is on the whole just around the citizens and their welf atomic spot 18. By standard definition, frugal globalisation refers to the supposed change magnitude stintingal interdependence of distinct countries which whitethorn contribute from the rise in price of the feces of the varied goods, services, big(p) and technologies across the international b recites (Trebilcock, 2000).Other authors and stinting experts define the sentiment of sparingal globalisation as the globalization of the securities industrys which explains the phenomenon of the global marketplace or the strength of a specific manufacturer that is establish from a specific expound of the field to sell a product or good to the consumers in separate musical composition of the world (Trebilcock, 2000 Naik, 2011). Economic globalization has in like manner enabled the rise of former(a) related c at oncepts such as transnational or multi-national companies/corporations which refer to the companies that atomic quash 18 active in numerous countries at the same time (Trebilcock, 2000 Naik, 2011).Because of these characteristics of scotch globalization, opposite nonable models which include irrelevant direct investments (FDIs), altogetheriance superiorism, international business and the like assimilate been attributed to the concept of sparing globalization. In fact, more than mere concepts, these terms defy exerted tremendous benefits for the incompatible mint around the world (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). However, bingle cornerstone non lonesome(prenominal) ignore the fact that some critics severalize the dis eitherow make or consequences of frugal globalization as sluice the actually concept of globalization itself may have specific pros and cons. As betokend by Naik (2011), opus thither argon a egress of advant geezerhoods in sparing globalization, there in any case exists a enumerate of disadvantages in sparingalalal globalization as a phenomenon. umpteen critics point disclose that the countries interdependence with one a nonher table services as one of the bigges t issues in scotchal globalization.They assert that when an stintingal crisis is universeness startd by one rustic, this can resultant into an frugal crisis as healthful on the diametrical countries with which a boorish sh ars its frugalal ties (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000 Harrison, 2007). by from this, there are be placements many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) critics who make out that incompatible companies actually exploit dig out by investing in production facilities indoors growth countries. Because huge multinational companies that come from already actual countries resort to create countries in order to grow cheaper labor, critics view this as alarming because they are merely coming to these countries in order to acquire natural resources and more affordable labor which bequeath be at their give advantage (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000 Harrison, 2007).Aside from this, many critics to a fault argue that economic globalization has already prov en to have caused a number of ideological and political tensions in the contrastive split of the world and that these lead extend to move on and grow come on as the questionable economic major forefinger era comes closer (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). Furthermore, the critics argued that the interdependence brought just close by economic globalization has non really done anything in order to improve the lives of poverty-stricken communities and individuals across Africa and Asia. Apparently, condescension the sellably huge success of economic globalization, a larger portion of the tribe in the world still re of imported to be in great poverty (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). This is precisely the reason why the critics could not athletic supporter but compare the unequal effects of economic globalization among the ontogenesis and developed countries.In this explore paper, we result search the address as to how the questionable economic globalization phenomenon h as cherished a globalization of critics and chiding. In this research paper, we pull up stakes tackle the definition of economic globalization and its implications and how it has allegedly brought some and triggered the rise of a number of critics. This research paper will as well attain the specific reproachs that critics have previously cited and set with look at to the economicglobalization phenomenon. The principal(prenominal) objective of this research paper is to picture evidence as to how the ontogeny of globalization of critics and literary disapproval was a direct byproduct of economic globalization. Hence, in line with this main objective, this research paper will straightway answer the research question How did economic globalization foster globalization of critics and review article?II. LITERATURE REVIEWA. Economic globalization Defined.Economic globalization, by strict definition, refers to the phenomenon characterized with an increase interdependence of the opposite national economies in the economic context (Joshi, 2009). This process or phenomenon is excessively characterized with a swift and soaked increase in the execution of various goods, services, technologies as head as capital across borders (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). While globalization as a sole context is cogitate on the rapid developments in the areas of lore and technology and economic division of labor, the concept of economic globalization is centered on the growth of education as wellspringhead as the advancement of science and technology. Thus, economic globalization may be viewed in two disparate horizons either as a imperious or as a proscribe process or phenomenon (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000).The economic globalization phenomenon is comprised of a globalization process of various markets, corporations, technologies, industries, production and even competition. Inte ride outingly, the economic globalization process is not at all a unseasoned phenomenon as for the past centuries or hundreds of categorys, this process has continuously and consistently occurred (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). Nevertheless, it was only intimately two or three decades agone that the concept of economic globalization has been know and given importance by economic analysts and experts. It initially appeared as an important part of the General Agreement on Tariffs and quite a little (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) frameworks because of these unsanded economic policies, many countries have managed to supply down their foxiness barriers as well as clear-cut up raw capital and current accounts (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). Indeed, economic globalization phenomenon may be accounted for the increase integration and interdependence of the different countries and their economies, particularly, the integration in the midst of developed and less developed economies.Cl proterozoic, this economic globalization phenomenon was achiev ed and was manifested through FDIs (foreign direct investment) as well as the reduction of the so-called trade barriers and the increase of cross-border migration cases (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). The authors Hameed & Nazir (2012) on the other hand have a different view with regard to economic globalization. They proverb this phenomenon as having occurred because of the improvements in technology as well as the decrease in transportation cost. Hameed & Nazir (2012) as well cited the fact that numerous national governments have deliberately chosen to integrate themselves with the global saving which became the eventual(prenominal) trigger point for economic globalization to emerge. Hameed & Nazir (2012) defined the concept of economic globalization also as the process of removing trade restrictions and barriers such as quotas and tariffs as well as the labor free movement and capital market liberalization.Because of the removal of all the possible barriers and restrictions, economic globalization has emerged (Hameed & Nazir, 2012). This phenomenon occurred in the past 1980s and 1990s decades wherein majority of the growing countries reduced and alleviated their so-called important controls by bringing tarriff grade down as well as eliminating restrictions on FDIs (foreign direct investment) (Hameed & Nazir, 2012). Furthermore, Hameed & Nazir (2012) had positiveviews with regard to economic globalization citing that this has led towards the improvement of higher productivity and growth as well as a large reduction of poverty in many countries. This assertion is surely contrary to what many critics deny with economic globalization cosmos the key towards achieving higher productivity and growth.Trebilcock (2000) on the other hand emphasized that management too practically on the positive sides of economic globalization may not be a good root word as there are different significant effects to economic globalization which are not only peculiar(a) to the positive ones. Apparently, there is a statistical evidence which points out that economic globalization causes a significant imbalance of cause surrounded by thedeveloped and the exploitation countries which are part of a greater global economy (Hameed & Nazir, 2012 Trebilcock, 2000).B. Criticisms against Economic Globalization check to Shangquan (2000), it is important to recognize the fact that the increased participation of the create countries in the process of globalization may enable them to trounce utilize their so-called comparative advantages and be introduced to more advanced methods of technologies, management experience as well as foreign capital. Economic globalization also has undeniably brought developing countries in a oftentimes favorable position in terms of eliminating or preventing any form of noncompetitive behaviors and also, more importantly, in strengthening the market competition (Shangquan, 2000). However, apart from the immense opportunities for increased development that economic globalization has provided among developing countries, economic globalization also poses many significant risks (Shangquan, 2000). Interestingly, these significant economic globalization risks serve as the ultimate basis and evidence of the critics of economic globalization against this phenomenon. These risks serve as the critics proof and basis for their review articles on economic globalization.One of the prominent lit crits against economic globalization is the covered porta between the conglutination and the southern. Based on the early reports published by the United Nations during the year 1999, this gap between these two parts of the world has widened further as a result of economic globalization (Shangquan, 2000 Trebilcock, 2000). The UNs reports contained facts and evidences that the total number of the developing countries that gained the benefits of economic globalization was only a itty-bitty percentage (Shangquan, 2000 Tre bilcock, 2000). Apparently, this was reflected in the gap or the difference in terms of the income per capita of the poorest and the fullest expanse which has greatly enlarged to about 70 times as a result of the economic globalization (Shangquan, 2000 Trebilcock, 2000).The second outperform objurgation that critics very much throw against economic globalization is the fact that many developing countries run the risk of being overt to external factors in the environment that are unfavorable. Apparently, underthe economic conditions that are feed to conflicts, there is an important realization which states that there are immense constraints with regard to the open macroeconomic regulations and policies among developing countries which insure to de-escalate their macroeconomic regulation and control capacities (Shangquan, 2000 Trebilcock, 2000). In addition to this, the constantinnovation of the different financial instruments also moves further the working out of the various financial assets of companies in developing countries. Apparently, this has brought about enormous damaging impacts on the financial stability and economic guard duty of majority of companies within developing nations (Shangquan, 2000 Trebilcock, 2000). Aside from the electro shun economic impacts of economic globalization, other scholars and authors also argue that economic globalization may have natural interdict strong impacts on the adjoin different shades of the world in general. consort to Held (2004), through the advent of economic globalization, there is a greater chance that the different populations from various s take placeping points will mimic or imitate the labor markets and the international capital flow through the merging of husbandrys. And certainly within this process, the native tidy sums exposure to economic measures and foreign measures may cause major assimilations on their lifestyles (Held, 2004). Specifically, establish on the numerous researchers who have been perusal the main effects of the economic globalization phenomenon among the youth, the different populations in the world will inevitably experience many changes as triggered by economic globalization (Held, 2004). Populations from South America, Arab, Africa, Caribbean and South East Asia will be unresolved more on westward finales including their language which is English, their music, their computers and technologies, their dating practices, even their sexual practice roles as well as the other nitty-gritty of the horse opera closes (Held, 2004). All of these will certainly bring about negative effects specially in the process of preserving their own native cultures. Apparently, based on a recent study conducted, thenegative ethnical impacts of economic globalization are inevitable and theassimilation of the native cultures are unescapable in this day and age (Xintian, 2002).Hence, no matter how much a specific culture would entertain and preserve its own, the challenges and the changes of right aways economic globalization phenomenon will continue to put pressure on the different populations cultures and would ultimately result to the egression of a totally new assimilated culture which may not be as distinct and as original as the one that the populations originally had (Held, 2004 Xintian, 2002). An author named George Ritzer once wrote about another point of criticism against economic globalization and his emphasis was on the so-called McDonaldization of a specific community as brought about by the economic globalization process (Ritzer, 2010). Ritzer emphasized that the different fast food businesses that continue to air all throughout America as well as in the rest of the world will inevitably be forced upon the various world populations.They will be forced to adopt the fast-food cultures which continue to expand its decide across the world and this was made possible by the economic globalization which served as an importan t and important force in standardizing the Western culture (Ritzer, 2010). Even in the area or aspect of the media, economic globalization also has somewhat certain negative impacts. For example, gibe to Nakayma (2005), the global word media companies export their information and deliver them through the Internet, radio and the news. However, in the process, these information are being exposed to Western values and products given that the top North American companies such as Reuters, CNN and BBC are the ones that dominate the global media and news industry.They are far more herculean and influential as compared to the likes of Al-Jazeera which may only cater to a smaller number of audiences and may only exert influence on a few people (Nakayma, 2005). This implies that then, the amount of influence of America in almost all aspects of living whether it be in culture, news, politics, economics, and the media, are undeniable. This pisseds that in one way or another, the economic g lobalization may bring about negative effects on the developing countries since they are the ones on receiving end and not on the influencing side (The Economist, 2011 Bertucci & Alberti, 2010 Aisbett, 2007).III. DISCUSSIONcondition the immense number of literatures that point out the advantages, benefits and positive effects of economic globalization, it would be difficult to ascertain and even argue that economic globalization has a negative side to it (Bertucci & Alberti, 2010). Interestingly however, the increasing number of critics that point out the negative effects of economic globalization as a global phenomenon constantly increased in the past few years which mean that today, more than before there are more evidences with regard to the not-so-advantageous impacts of economic globalization in the world. As previously stated by Naik (2011), one of the negative aspects of economic globalization is that of its ability to weaken a body politics economic bunk while it remains t o be dependant on other countries. This is such that when an economic crisis is being experienced by one country, this can result into an economic crisis as well on the different countries with which a country shares its economic ties (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000).Aside from being prone to economic crisis, another criticism against economic globalization is the fact that it causes a significant imbalance of power between the developed and the developing countries which are part of a greater global economy (Hameed & Nazir, 2012 Trebilcock, 2000). This means that the gap between the developed and the developing countries continue to increase and widen which in the end, would place the developing countries in a somewhat step and disadvantage position. The third important point of criticism of the critics of economic globalization is the fact that the stage economic globalization phenomenon places to put on high levels of pressure on the different populations cultures which may ulti mately result to the emergence of a totally new assimilated culture that may not be as distinct and as original as the ones they had before (Held, 2004 Xintian, 2002).To put it simply, economic globalization made it quite difficult if not impossible to preserve ones cultural origins and distinct practices and languages as the pervasiveness of the Western influence is too strong which is a manifestation of the many changes that the economic globalization may bring about (Shangquan, 2000 Nakayma, 2005 Lerche III, 2002). thitherfore, because of these highlighted points of criticism that are usually being embossed upon by various authors who are against the concept of economic globalization, one can grip that indeed economic globalization has fostered a globalization of critics and criticism because of its own negative aspects and influences among the developing countries. Not only does the concept of economic globalization bring about positive consequences in the global dimension, it also inevitably brings about a number ofconsequential disadvantages not only in the economic aspect but also in social, cultural, political and even in the media aspects (Bertucci & Alberti, 2010 Aisbett, 2007).IV. ANALYSIS/ IMPLICATIONSIn answering the question, How did economic globalization foster globalization of critics and criticism? it may be asserted that economic globalization did foster globalization of critics and criticism in a number of ways. Apparently, in the recent years, there have been more evidences concerning the not-so-advantageous impacts of economic globalization in the world and among these include the capacity of economic globalization to purposely weaken a countrys economic situation as it remains to be dependent on other countries. Its manifestation is whenever a country experiences economic crisis, it inevitably results into an economic crisis as well on the different countries with which a country shares its economic ties.This means that the so-called in terdependence and partnership between developing and developed nations has a negative side to it as when the economic situation of a country fails to normalize, other nations will be affected in a negative way (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). Because of this specific disadvantage, many critics consider economic globalization as a risky process and a negative phenomenon as opposed to what many proponents argue (The Economist, 2011 Aisbett, 2007). Aside from the issue on economic crisis, another direct criticism often thrown against economic globalization is the fact that it causes a significant imbalance of powerbetween the developed and the developing countries which are part of a greater global economy (Hameed & Nazir, 2012 Trebilcock, 2000). Apparently,this is quite true as observed by many economic experts and analysts who have studied economic globalization as a phenomenon for many years.They have observed that one of the inevitable results of the economic globalization phenomenon is the widened or increased gap between the developed and the developing countries. Apparently, this places the developing countries in a somewhat abused and disadvantaged position as they are the ones on the losing end while the developed countries are on the side of gaining all the benefits to the phenomenon (Hameed & Nazir, 2012 Trebilcock, 2000). And lastly, it may be asserted that economic globalization did foster globalization of critics and criticism because of the fact that economic globalization phenomenon put on high levels of pressure on the different populations cultures ultimately resultd in the emergence of a totally new assimilated culture and the developing countries inability to preserve their culture (Held, 2004 Xintian, 2002). Many critics argue that economic globalization made it quite difficult if not impossible for the developing countries to preserve their cultural origins and distinct practices and languages (Shangquan, 2000 Nakayma, 2005 Lerche III, 2002).V . CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, all the three main highlighted points of criticism which endlessly serve as the main compliance of critics in going against the concept of economic globalization provide evidence as to why economic globalization did foster a globalization of criticsand criticism. The reality is that indeed economic globalization has fostered a globalization of critics and criticism because of its own negative consequences and influences especially on the part of the developing countries. There is the widened economic gap between the rich (developed) and the poor (developing) countries. Another is that economic globalization made it impossible for the developing countries to protect and preserve their cultures. And lastly, economic globalization brought about a number of consequential disadvantages not only in the economic aspect but also in social, cultural, political and even in the media aspects (Bertucci & Alberti, 2010 Aisbett, 2007 Lerche III, 2002 Hameed & Nazir, 2 012).Nevertheless, despite the fact that economic globalization has fostered aglobalization of critics and criticism, it does not mean that economic globalization as a phenomenon should be permanently ceased. As in any other global phenomena and processes, economic globalization has its own set of advantages and disadvantages as well as positive and negative impacts to the countries and populations it would influence. For this reason, criticisms are only natural consequences of any other global phenomenon such as economic globalization. Critics are free to critique or reveal their disapproval for economic globalization as a concept however, they must also recognize and acknowledge that this global phenomenon has contributed much to the developments of todays present age (Harrison, 2007).REFERENCES Aisbett, E. (2007). Why are the Critics So convinced(p) that Globalization is Bad for the Poor? University of boodle Press. Bertucci, G., & Alberti, A. (2010). Globalization and the Ro le of the State Challenges and Perspectives. Retrieved from http//unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/ unrestricted/documents/un/unpan006225.pdf Hameed, A., & Nazir, A. (2012). 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