The Erotic in Joyces A Painful Case - 1861 Words

The Erotic in Joyces A Painful Case The characters whom inhabit Joyces world in Dubliners, often have, as Harvard Literature Professor Fischer stated in lecture, a limited way of thinking about and understanding themselves and the world around them. Such determinism, however, operates not on a broad cultural scale, but works in smaller, more local, more interior and more idiosyncratic ways. That is, the forces which govern Joyces characters are not necessarily cultural or socioeconomic in nature, but rather, as Prof. Fischer stated, are tiny, and work on a more intimate level. In any case, as a result of such forces, these stories often tend to be about something, as Prof. Fischer said, that doesnt†¦show more content†¦The first instance of this occurs when Joyce writes, The dark discreet room, their isolation, the music that still vibrated in their ears united them (111). As with the description of mental eroticism, (i.e. thoughts entangling), Joyce couches auditory eroticisim in physically eroti c terms as well. It is through sound, in this case music, music which we are told vibrates, that the two are brought together, united. The setting, a dark discreet room, the way in which the music is described, vibrating and the use of the phrase united, all suggest a kind of romantic, physically erotic union. Similarly, Joyce later describes how Duffy seemed to feel her voice touch his ear... (118). By describing a voice as touching an ear, Joyce again suggests a physical act of eroticism. Unlike, however, the touching of their hands, which Joyce says Duffy imagines as well, the idea of a voice touching an ear suggests not only external touching, but because a voice enters ones body and soul, also connotes images of penetration. A voice, unlike hands, penetrates; committing the most erotic act of all. It is not, however, until the end of the story that we are able to understand not only how sound and voice functions in a auditory erotic fashion, but how such eroticism is responsible for Duffys, albeit impermanent, self-transcendence. In a passage which Professor Fischer would

Essay on the Importance of Language in The Tempest

The Importance of Language in The Tempest In discussing Derridas view of Western literature, Geoffrey Hartman writes that Western tradition has been marked . . . by a metaphysics of light, by the violence of light itself, from Apollonian cults to Cartesian philosophies. In the light of this emphatic light everything else appears obscure; especially the Hebraic development of aniconic writing and self-effacing commentary of textuality (xix). This point is well illustrated by the nature of Prosperos power in The Tempest for his control of natural and supernatural forces is achieved through book-learning the bringing to life of Logos. That which Prospero does not control completely is the vilified character of Caliban. The†¦show more content†¦Although the text suggests that Prospero is aware of what he needs to integrate when he states That this thing of darkness is mine, it is simply an implied movement towards assuming responsibility for all he has done to cause his shadow to fester a true integration does not occur (Shakespeare V, i, 275-76). Certainly the thrust of the Prospero/Caliban relationship connotes that the Greek metaphysics of light can succeed only by dominating darkness; it does not successfully integrate it. Perhaps Hartmans comments regarding the healing power of the word may shed some light on the Wests apparent incapacity to integrate the shadow. It may also provide a clue as to how a healing relationship with the word can be achieved by transcending the dualism inherent to our Western culture. Hartman points out the fact that words can wound is a much clearer fact than their healing virtue (Hartman 122). His perspective lends itself nicely to the medium of theater where the texts words are spoken aloud and thus may affect the member of an audience to a greater degree than the same words would affect a reader of the text. Lending credibility to this argument, Hartman describes the word and the organ which perceives it: Let me suppose, then, that words are always armed and capable of wounding; either because, expecting so much of them, looking to them as potentially definitive or clarifying, we are hurt by their equivocal nature; or because the ear, as aShow MoreRelated Importance of Language in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1866 Words   |  8 Pagesand differences of opinion regarding the genre of The Tempest, a play by William Shakespeare. In the essays The Backward Voice: Puns and the Comic Subplot of The Tempest, by Maurice Hunt, and The Tempest as Romance and Anti-Romance, by Richard Hillman, the genre of the play is discussed in depth. 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The classical Greeks , optimistic, Europeans Renaissance Age Enlightenment, humans optimistically: center measure creation; supreme strivers, good evil; characterized reason, inherently good perfectible. Instructions: Essay Assignment on AugustinesRead More A Comparison of God and Satan in Paradise Lost Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of God and Satan in Paradise Lost      Ã‚   In this essay I shall be focusing on the characters of G-d and Satan from Paradise Lost by John Milton.   Within the essay I shall be attempting to elucidate on the themes of ambiguity of the two characters as well as the uncertainty of moral integrity of each, characterized by Johns Miltons use of sentence structure, private thoughts and symbolism.    Foremost I would like to look at the way the way in which Milton characterizes the

Cinderella Is A Folk Tale Presentation Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cinderella Is A Folk Tale Presentation. Answer: Cinderella is a great study material story that talks about the abuse of girl child, it embraces the interpretation of how girl child is being considered not to be relevant to the society. The abuse of girl child in the modern world has affected the gender balance and related aspects of the society, therefore the story about Cinderella is fully reflecting on issues about the abuse of girl child(Campbell, 2016). the comprehension of Cinderella is basically defining a girl who is not recognized and achieves recognition after being neglected. The story about Cinderella presents a child who was considerably neglected by the royal family. In order to understand the story, visual metaphors and semiotics are used to explain the real concepts. A royal house is colored with shining and bright colors, dull colors such as chocolate are used mainly servant quarters. The images in the beginning storyboard show a girl, Cinderella at her knees, the image has uncovered wooden table explaining how a girl child is sizable abused by royal families. The second image shows a girl Cinderella being interrogated about the royal ball. The middle images show Cinderella being transformed, she meets her godmother who gave her hope about her life, the second middle image is Cinderella being transformed and she was with the prince at the royal ball. The end images in the storyboard show the Cinderella being transformation at the prince palace, the last image shows the final part of the story embracing the Cinderella meeting with the prince at the r oyal palace(Kaplanoglou, 2016). While making this presentation, it is important to engage essential presentation aspects. Brainstorming presenting visual images to the audience, this will allow them to develop new ideas about the story. It is also an ultimate approach to allow the audience to interpret the visual images and present their understanding to the rest of the audience(Jensen, 2013). Asking questions during presentations will allow the audience to pay attention to the presentation. The interaction with the audience makes the presentation to be more lively and interesting to all parties present(Daniel, 2017). However, interaction with the audience will allow them to get the content of the story as well as allowing them to pay more attention. Engaging audience during presentation is significant since it will allow the audience to gain courage while asking questions about the story presented, it also allows them to get insider understanding of the story as they interpret into modern society(Uggah, et al., 20 17). The above concepts represent the presentation of the story about the abuse of girl child and how the audience could be engaged during the presentation. The presentation begins by identifying storyboard to be use, it is important to understand if the selected storyboard is supporting visual images. the audience should be informed about the presentation as well as the materials they need to carry with them(Del Negro, 2017). Storyboard Templet Plan Images Audience Question Responses References Campbell, H., 2016. Cinderella: The Significance and Timeless Nature of a Folkloric Costume Narrative. s.l.:s.n. Daniel, A., 2017. A classroom community of storytellers. Unlocking Speaking and Listening: Developing Spoken Language in the Primary Classroom.. s.l.:s.n. Del Negro, J., 2017. Telling Stories to Young Adults. Engaging Teens with Story: How to Inspire and Educate Youth with Storytelling, p.93. s.l.:s.n. Jensen, K. e., 2013. A handbook of media and communication research: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies.. s.l.:Routledge. Kaplanoglou, M., 2016. Spinning and Cannibalism in the Greek Cinderella: Symbolic Analogies in Folktale and Myth. Folklore, 127(1), pp.1-25.. s.l.:s.n. Uggah, L. L., Wahid, H. A. Manaf, A.A.B.A., . , A. A., 2017. A Proposed Pre-Production Model for Preserving Iban Folklores Through Digital Storytelling. Advanced Science Letters, 23(9), pp.8554-8557.. s.l.:s.n.

Sales managers roles free essay sample

Question 1 (a) The 3 main roles that a sales manager should perform are listed as below: 1. Manage customer relationships 2. Serve as customer consultants 3. Manage the hybrid sales force Sales managers should firstly, continuously achieve a conversation with his or her customer, provide customized service and recommendations to them in order to increase customer retention. Secondly, sales managers should build ongoing relationships and profitable partnerships with his or her customers. He or she should also act as a consultancy role towards the sales team, encouraging them to provide ore than Just selling to their customers, and always give personalized advice to them. Sales managers should also manage the sales force, which includes external agents and salespeople to ensure the success of the team. It is obvious in that Ian has proven to be a super salesperson due to his experiences and innovative ideas. He is very dedicated to his team as he wants to show them how best to approach customers and negotiate sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales managers roles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He practically spends at least one day a month with his salespeople. However, from various feedbacks given by his team of salespeople, he might not be s competent when it comes to coaching them and providing them with guidance. The complaint received from the Singapore and Malaysia salespeople are that Ian has been spending so much time with them. On days when Ian spends with them to provide coaching tips and feedback, he did otherwise. Ian even went to the extent of accompanying the salesperson at sales presentations to review their performance on the spot and give comments when he thinks there is a need to. He would take over when he is dissatisfied with their presentation to the customers. His salespeople said hat this has led to some confusion in his customers, which might in turn affect the companys image in the long run. One of the salesperson had his potential customers doubt him, asking why Ian was not satisfied with his performance. This has affected his credibility towards his customers, as well as his image as a salesperson. It is important to manage the relationships with the customers, as well as provide a consultancy role when they require so. For Ian, he is obviously lacking in the role of managing his hybrid sales force. With his received complaint, he is not managing the ales force, but taking over their roles when he thinks that their presentation is not up to his expectation. He should train his salespeople with the right skills and help them improve consistently to clinch deals with the clients. Instead of doing so, he takes over and present on the salespeoples Bengal. From their perception, it them and presents an incapable image in front of their clients. Nans current performance will lead to poor company image and reputation in the long run. Taking for example, the salespeople are not able to maximize their potential under Nans coaching, they would prefer to either request for a change of sales anger, or they would change company. Ian should be treating his salespeople as empowered equal and provide his salespeople with motivation to work and continuously strive better. Question 1 (b) With the current sales organization structure, the sales team is able to work better with it structured along product lines rather than geographically. Having said this, there are still several advantages and disadvantages towards this department structure. Geographical sales structure refers to the selling according to the different location of countries and places. This meaner that, according to the culture and demand tatters of a certain area, the company provides the products accordingly and comes up with strategies to attract customers and in turn increase the product demands. Product lines structure meaner that the company focuses on the products they offer, equip the salespeople with the knowledge of the products, and personalize the products according to the needs and wants to the customers. As mentioned, firstly, the salesperson finds out the needs and wants of the customers. With their vast knowledge of the products the company offers, they are able to suggest the right product to the customer, to fit their demand. By having the product line structure, they are then able to focus on the product that they are selling, and easily set their own targets and objectives for personal achievements and selling quota. An additional benefit is that, should they need certain information about the product they are selling or suggesting, the company would be able to provide it to the salesperson without worrying that the information is not reliable or wrong. With the product line structure, it is also easier for the sales team to have a better knowledge of the company as a whole, and most importantly the products they are selling. When a salesperson is fully knowledgeable on the products the company provides, this raises their morale and confidence level when they do sales presentations and explanations to their customers. If it is based on a geographical structure, the sales team will not be able to fully understand what they need to focus on, and most importantly, they are not able to acquire the information they need from the company unless they perform their own research. Nevertheless, this product line structure has also its disadvantages too. From a companys point tot view, due to the deterrent products being tottered, this would b very competitive environment. The different divisions would be fighting for the companys resources and this might lead to some unpleasant situations in the company where conflicts occur between the different divisions. This is especially important when the different product lines need to work together for bundling or several promotions to increase profits for the company. Due to the conflicts between each division, they might not be willing to work with each other, and thus causing the companys productivity to decrease. When this is compared to geographical structure, the products divisions can work gather to think of common strategies to fit products to the customers in the geographic location. The competition is lesser as product divisions have to work together to achieve a common goal. As the current product line sales structure is suitable to the profile of the salespeople as they have already been used to the structure and habits of selling to the customers, there seems to be no need to have a change of structure since the salespeople are doing well. However, as time changes and consumers preferences shifts overtime, there is a need to change the structure to improve the companys productivity and maximize he potential of the salespeople. With their vast knowledge of the products, they could now focus on understanding the different geographical locations they want to focus on, and then sell according to the needs and wants based on their research. This would in turn benefit the company in the long run, as customers would view it as the understanding of their lifestyle and habits before introducing any products to them, which seems to be personalized service provided to the customers. The company could also be achieving larger market share of the specific geographical actions, and it would help the company to expand to the other markets in the future. In addition, there would be a better chance of success when the company releases a new product which would be largely based on the understanding of the lifestyle and habits of the geographic location. Thus, the suggestion for the company right now is to have a change of sales structure for the company to gain larger market share, as well as maximizing the salespeoples potential to sell and understand the customers profile. Question 2 (a) INTRODUCTION WALL values each salesperson in the company. The human touch point when sales are closed with prospects remains the priority of the company. WALL has embarked onto Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system for the past 8 months. WALL would like to emphasis that CRM system is not Just an IT application but rather is a system that allows each of us to better understand the needs of our customers and their purchasing behavior. These will allow us to build a stronger relationship with the customers. In the following presentation, benefits of the CRM system will be shared with the aim to bring WALL and sales team to greater heights by optimizing the M system. WHAT IS CRM? CRM is a systematic integration of information technology and human resources designed to provide maximum value to customers and to obtain maximum value from customers (Hair, Anderson, Meta, Fabian, 2010). It is essential for WALL to embark on the new Journey of CRM system as our business portfolio continues to grow. Our company and salesperson will need real-time information of our clients and prospects. Using real-time information will allow a better understanding of the needs of our customers in an individual way. The needs of our customers can be rather segmented to provide a more efficient and productive meaner of managing our customers. This leads to salesperson able to target the correct group of customers and serve them individually based on a one-to-one marketing strategy. BENEFITS OF CRM One-stop Solution. CRM tracks the interest and activities of our current customers. When these activities are keyed into the CRM system, it allows information to be shared between various sales departments such as the distribution sales department, the accessories sales department and the software sales department. This provides a one-stop solution to our customers. For example, when a customer purchases our English software, he may require a particular accessory to assist him in operating the software. With this information, the salesperson will be able to value-add by promoting the accessory to the client and not reacting to source for the product when the customer asked for. This value-added service will definitely retain existing customer as it builds upon trust and relationship between the salesperson and the customers. Selection of Prospects. CRM also allow salesperson to focus his resources to the right prospect at the right time. Customer database of many salesperson grow each day and it becomes hard for individual person to monitor our customers. The dashboard in CRM provides a glance of information such as the probability and purchasing power of each client. These information and historic trending enables salesperson to better time and anticipate the needs of our customers. For example, in WALL, we will be able to monitor and target institutions that require upgrading of their computer system by analyzing the last upgrade by the institution versus the need of the institution to provide technological education to its students, such as Eng distance learning. Selection of prospects not only allows better time management for salesperson, it also enhances the probability of a close sale and facilitate in identifying larger and smaller prospects. Referral of Prospect. Better relationship not only increases commission sales of salesperson, it also increases the chance of referral from a satisfied customer. Through words of mouth, salesperson will be able to clinch new prospects and thus expanding its customer base. CONCLUSION CRM not only optimizes profit and increase revenue for WALL and its salesperson, it also enhances customers satisfaction. CRM enable salesperson to provide value- added service by understanding the needs of customers. Promoting relevant products or services to our customers that saves resources for both customers and salesperson. These benefits allow WALL to better manage its customer base and increase the customer loyalty and retention. Question 2 (b) IMPLEMENTATION OF CRM SYSTEM As mentioned earlier, CRM system does not replace the need for salesperson in WALL, but rather enhances the salesperson ability to sell more to the right prospects at the right time. For CRM to be successfully implemented, sales managers will have to fully support the system and believe that the system will work. This will require the sales managers to first lead and subsequently influence salesperson to use and practice the system. Trust in the system will definitely change the company culture to greater heights. Cultural Change. CRM system is a customer-centric approach that requires all in WALL to be committed. Sales managers of various departments will need to be open with the providing information into the CRM system. Through cross-feeding of information, it will allow a holistic collation of information to serve our customers. This information will then provide relevant information for salesperson to analyses the needs of our customers. Training and Education. To understand the potential of CRM system, proper training will be needed for both the sales managers and salesperson. Areas such as using different fields to extract relevant information will need to be trained. Through training and education, sales managers and salesperson will be able to leverage on technology to see the future and optimism the system as a force-multiplier facilitate utter management and sales. Creating Value for Customers. Sales managers are the links between WALL and customers and hence will need to allocate resources on identified profitable customers based on the knowledge of product. While the salesperson not only create sales but rather provide value-added service to solve the customers problem. The salesperson will need to understand each customer and provide greater flexibility in enhancing customers satisfactions. This approach enhances the professionalism of our salesperson and increases Walls creditability that will draw Eng term relationship with our customers. Change tot Sales Process. Management will need to review the sales processes such as allowing salesperson to hunt freely for their prospect in the database, if the prospect is not engaged within a specific period (Graff, 2011). This will encourage salesperson in using the system more religiously to gain sales commission. Creating Database in CRM. For successful implementation of CRM system, the WALL will require high-technology solutions for electronic storage of data and processing data. Salesperson that are the direct interface with customers will need to solicit elevate information from customers such as problem faced and future development. These information will allow sales manager to analyses the needs and develop relevant approaches to satisfy the problem of customers. Conclusion The success of CRM implementation will need to be top-down approach. Management level will need to walk-the-talk in order to influence change for salesperson to follow. Sales processes can be refined to entice the use of CRM in WALL. With the successful implementation, CRM system will provide sale force an excellence meaner to enhance sales of WALL. Question 3 (a) The selling process refers to the complete set of steps that must take place in order to execute a sales transaction from start to finish (Webzines, 2013). There are seven stages in the selling process and they are best depicted as a continuous cycle or wheel of over lapping stages. Once the wheel is set in motion, it continues to rotate from one stage to the next. As it reaches the last stage, the cycle will repeat again because the sales persons follow up can generate repeat sales. Stage 1 Prospecting and qualifying Prospecting is the method by which salespeople search for new customers and attention customers. One obvious reason for prospecting is to expand the customer base, which is important because most sales organizations lose customers every year. Prospecting requires salespeople to first obtain leads. A lead is basically the name and address or telephone number of a person or organization potentially needing the companys products or services. Before considering a lead to be a valid prospect, the sales person must qualify it in terms of need or want, authority to buy, money to buy and eligibility to buy. Stage 2 Planning the sales call: the Approach The pre-approach step includes all post prospecting activities prior to the actual visit with a prospect. These include doing research on the prospect, familiarizing with the customers needs, reviewing previous correspondence, and pulling together any other new and relevant material that might be appropriate for bringing to the sales Stage 3 Approaching the prospect The approach usually takes the first minute or minutes of a sale. It consists of the strategies and tactics employed by salespeople when gaining an audience and establishing initial rapport with the customer. The approach includes opening small elk, the handshake, eye contact, and generally making a good initial impression. Successful salespeople often set a primary objective (targeted outcome), a minimal objective (lowest acceptable outcome), and an optimal objective (best possible outcome) before approaching the prospect. Stage 4 Making the sales presentation and demonstration The presentation is the main body of the sales call and should occur after the salesperson has predetermined the needs of the customer. This step can be one presentation or multiple presentations over a period of time. Goals for the sales presentation will vary. First-time buyers must get sufficient information to adequately understand the products benefits, which may be facilitated by building the presentation around a product demonstration. Selling points and attributes are visualized and built around a call agenda or sales proposal. This step can be complex, and preparation is essential. Stage 5 Negotiating sales resistance and objections Objections can be broadly defined as customer questions and hesitance about the product or company. Salespeople should expect that objections would be encountered in every sales presentation. A number of reasons exist for objections, and despite the fact that objections can delay the sales process, for the most part they should be perceived in a positive sense as useful. This is because by revealing objections, true buyer needs can be uncovered. Sales resistance can consist of either valid or invalid objections, and salespeople need to recognize each type in negotiating with prospects. Stage 6 Confirming and closing the sales The close is defined as the successful completion of the sales presentation culminating in a commitment to buy the good or service. Once any objections have en successfully overcome, the salesperson must actually ask for the business and thus begin the process of closing the sale. Stage 7 Following up and servicing the account After the prospect accept an order, the salesperson will follow up to make sure the prospect is happy with the product or service and that everything that was promised is being delivered. Ian should not have the idea of spending less time on prospecting and qualifying prospects, as it is the foundation of sales. Finding leads is the most vital part of the selling process because WALL cant make a sale without identity yang the people to whom theyll be selling. In other words, without prospecting, nothing else can happen. Prospecting doesnt happen Just once; its a constant process. WALL lose some customers every year for a variety of reasons: customers may no longer need the product or service, have the financial meaner to purchase the product or service, or live or do business in the area, or the business may no longer be open. So if WALL havent been building its prospect list, they wont have new customers to replace the ones they lose. More than this, finding new prospects is the only way WALL can increase their sales and expand the business. Question 3 (b) Sales presentation is refer as a formal and pre-arranged meeting where a salesperson or a sales team presents detailed information about a product or service (Webzines, 2013). There are six different sales presentation strategies salesperson can adopt. 1) Stimulus Response Stimulus response is an approach to selling which relies on the salespersons ability to say the right thing (stimulus) in order to obtain a favorable reaction from the buyer (Salespeople, 2013). The advantages of stimulus response is that the sausages to the buyers can be structured in a logical order. Questions and objections from the buyers can usually be anticipated and addressed before they are magnified during buyer-seller interaction. However, the limitations of stimulus response methods can be severe, especially if the salesperson is dealing with a professional buyer. Most buyers like to take an active role in sales dialogue, and the stimulus response approach calls for the salesperson to dominate the flow of the conversation. The lack of flexibility in this approach is also a disadvantage. Stimulus espouse is most suitable for relatively unimportant purchase decisions, when time is limited and when professional buyers are not involved. 2) Formula Formula approach assumes that the buying process for most buyers is essentially identical and the buyers can be led through certain mental states, or steps, in the buying process by using the appropriate sales messages. These mental states are typically referred to as AID (attention, interest, desire, and action). The positive feature of this approach is that it led the prospect towards purchase action one-step at a time. The down side of this approach is that the prospect may find the presentation too mechanical and it is a salesperson-oriented rather than a customer- oriented method. In an effort to move the prospect from one mental state to the next, the salesperson has a tendency to dominate the interview, and the customer may have little chance to participate. Little attention is paid to variations in needs or circumstances among customers. ) Need Satisfaction Need satisfaction selling is based on the notion that the customer is buying to satisfy a particular need or set of needs. This approach focuses on the prospects needs. The salesperson will use a questioning, probing tactic to uncover the prospects needs. Only after relevant needs have been established, the salesperson begins to relate how his or her offering can satisfy these needs. One major advantage of the need- satisfaction app roach is that it is customer-oriented and flexible. Proponents of this approach contend that it provides the basis for a friendly buyer-seller relationship with two-way communication. The limitation to this approach is that it demands highly qualified sales personnel who have an excellent understanding of their potential customers. They must have the training and experience to adjust their selling methods to the needs and concerns of each individual prospect. Also, this approach requires a great deal of time for the salesperson to become familiar with the prospect. Consequently, it is an expensive method, and it should be used when the value of the potential sales Justifies the expense. 4) Consultative Problem Solving Problem-solving selling is an extension of need satisfaction selling. Under the problem-solving method, however, the salesperson goes one step further to help the prospect identify several alternative solutions, analyses their advantages and sedateness, and select the one best solution. The sales person completely deemphasizes the product offering, and concentrates on providing, expert advice to the prospect much like a true business consultant. The primary objective is to form long-term relationships with customers in which the sales representative is seen as a trusted source of technical information and advice. As with the need-satisfaction approach, the problem-solution method requires extremely competent, well-trained, and experienced sales representatives. It also requires that the salesperson spend a great deal of time with each prospect. Consequently, it is a very expensive selling method. 5) Depth Selling Depth selling involves the salesperson to employs a skillful mix of several sales presentation methods. This customized mix approach combines the best features of several sales presentation. However, this will required salesperson with exceptional skill and experience to execute this approach. ) Team Selling Team selling refers to a group of individuals from different companys department working towards a common sales goal. Team selling enable the company to achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction, better time management and higher integration of accounts. The pitfall of this approach includes: non-sales people may create confusion with the customer, there are multiple agendas from various departments and conflicting corporate objectives. Walls sales department is organized into 3 business units. The first business unit assembles and distributes computers to institutions . The second business unit distributes computer accessories to retailers and the third business unit sells English Language software testing program to institutions. Consultative problem solving presentation strategy will be appropriated for the first cuisines unit. This business unit is WALL main core business and have high budget and time for customers in this business unit. WALL needs to understands and solve the problems of these customers. Furthermore, WALL needs to forge a trustful, consultative relationship with the customers. In this way, WALL can keep away the competitors from their customers. Once a long run trusting relationship is established, WALL can also introduce their computer accessories and English software to this pool of customers. For the second business unit, WALL can implement need satisfaction strategy. As WALL has a wide range of computer accessories that distributes to different retailers, it is important for WALL to understand what each retailers needs. From there, WALL can advise the retailers which products or promotions are suitable for them. Consultative problem solving presentation strategy will be suitable for the third business unit. Like the first business unit, much focus is on the customer. As this is a new business unit, WALL should spend time to understand the needs of the customers so they can understand the market better and keep them ahead from the competitors. Question 3 (c) Sales training takes human inputs and develops them into successful productive members of a marketing team. Sales training development process is the process of designing and implementing a sales training program that begins with analyzing needs, setting objectives, developing program content, determining delivery, preparing, motivating, reinforcing and evaluating. 1) Conduct a Training Needs Assessment Managers should review trainees background and experience to identify the gaps between their qualifications and the Job requirement. Managers then can customize the training program base on the development of each salesperson. Determine training objectives The next step is to set the training objectives. A good training program should focus on the performance objective rather than learning objectives. In this way, salespeople are able to achieve successful results from training. 3) Determine training programmer content There are two types of training programmer a) Initial sales training programmer designed for newly hired salespeople, it is comprehensive and usually last three to six month s. B) Continuing sales training programmer designed for experienced salespeople, these programmer are shorter,

John F Kennedy vs Lynden B Johnson essays

John F Kennedy vs Lynden B Johnson essays The question I am about to answer can not be answered in brief. To fully comprehend the similarities and differences between John F. Kennedys New Frontier and Lyndon B. Johnsons Great Society you must understand their intentions first. John F. Kennedy was not an ordinary President. He was one with a certain charisma, as some put it. He was very blunt and knew how to get what he wanted. During his rain as President, he created the reform program know as the New Frontier. The New Frontier was developed to assure Americans of the upcoming sixties challenges. This was a program that affected all. Under the influence of the New Frontier Kennedy promised to defend freedom around the world. He stated: Let every nation know, whether it wish us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend or oppose any foe in order to assure the survival and success of liberty. This we pledge and more. Soon Kennedys speech would be put to the test. The debate over communism or democracy was still going on. The Cold War had not yet ended. During his presidency Kennedy was determined to lower unemployment by creating more jobs. He expanded the space program and stimulated military spending. He also cut taxes to give Americans a little more money to spend. This tax cut lead to a period of prosperity. He proposed a medical care program for the elderly. It was rejected by congress. Kennedy appointed black officials to higher government positions to support a Civil Rights Law he was delaying to propose. Kennedys program was a big hit. A national poll indicated that at least 60% of Americans approved his presidential stature. However, Kennedy was soon going to learn that all of his good will and future plans would be evaporated. On November 22, 1963 John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated....

3 Things That Can Improve Your Resume

3 Things That Can Improve Your Resume Surprising Things You May Not Know about Resumes Job recruiters and employers receive first impressions about you while learning the resume. It is summary of you skills and experience, which shows your goals, gains and life position. No wonder that people often are even not invited for interviews. Resume shows and specifies many details, basing on which employer decides, whether it makes sense to perform any further actions. Every self-respecting person, who only starts his/her career or has certain professional ambitions, should follow all innovations for resume creation and use smart tips. Actually, even if you are satisfied with your job at the moment, having a relevant resume is "a must", since there are always new opportunities and interesting offers. We want to draw your attention to some very important things, which you should bear in mind while completing your resume. These tips seem very simple, but at the same time they appear to be extremely effective. Customize Your Resume for Each Position When we speak about the customization, we do not mean lying or writing achievements, which you do not have. Anyhow, it is important to make correct emphasis and catch employer's interest to some of your strong points. For example, you apply for the position of the sales manager. It is clear that this job requires knowledge of the product and sufficient communication skills. Now you have to think. Recall all your participations in the social events, speeches or presentations. Everything will be useful: starting with the first experience of communication skills at school and university, up to participating in conferences and any public speaking. Thus, you need to include into the resume those facts, which are decisive for recruiter. Such approach definitely increases your chances for success. Be Attentive and Make no Mistakes When you see mistakes in your text, it means sleepless nights or overloading with the academic papers for you. Due to all those deadlines at college and volumes of the tasks at work you often do not have time for reviewing your resume. And that is a big mistake. You will hardly manage to find the employer, who does not pay attention to grammar ignorance. Even the smallest misspelling makes recruiter think that you are not attentive, careless and unconcerned. Who wants to hire such employee? Set right priorities and if you really want new position, find ten minutes to check the grammar and refine you resume. Specify Truth about Your Academic and Work Experience It is the common method of numerous job searchers, to add some skill or knowledge, which they, in fact, do not possess. We are sure that it is unreasonable approach to resume making. First of all, it is not very good to start cooperation with the deceit. Secondly, what will you do, if you receive a task related to the imagined skill? Such state of affairs can cause unpleasant situation, which at least can result in the shameful feelings. However, some employers can even punish you with the negative recommendations and this is no laughing matter. To avoid such issues, write truth. If you really want some job but have not enough skills, it is always better to be honest and show your strong desire to learn. Recruiters often appreciate honesty and strength to confess the real situation. Make your job hunting more efficient and pleasant, use our advices and show employers that you deserve good position. Your future is in your hands, do your best to make it great!

Challenging disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Challenging disability - Essay Example The challenge which is presented is based on defining the idea of disability from a social perspective, as well as how this can change the perception of the abilities one has. Medical Model and Definitions of Disability The traditional perception of disability is one which is defined by the social capacities one has as well as the experiences which one goes through. According to Crow, the concept of disability is one which is limited, specifically because of the definition of disability that is interpreted within society. The main focus is that one who is disabled has gone through a personal tragedy, specifically which leads to disadvantages, oppression of opportunities and impairments that don’t allow for the same experiences of life to be a part of what one needs. The problem which occurs is one which is based on the medical model of disability, specifically which is interpreted in society as a social context which impairs one from life experiences (Crow, 1996). The definiti ons of disability are one which is defined specifically through a medical application. One who has impairment has a loss of psychological, physical or anatomical structures or functions. One who has a disability is restricted or has a lack of performance of activities, specifically which relates to an impairment. ... Crow shows that the medical model is one which doesn’t align with the social model, which creates the attitude that the individual who is suffering from impairment can’t overcome the difficulty or struggle. Instead, the impairment creates a lack or loss in all activities that one can do within a given environment (Crow, 1996). The main challenge which Crow shows with the concept of disability are that the social stigma surrounding a handicap means that an individual is incapable of everything. For instance, if one has impairment with hearing, then this leads to the inability of all functions both mentally and physically and eliminates the individual from activities that are within society. The experiences which one has differ from the social stigma which has arisen around the concept of disability. The assumptions that are made within society then create a stereotype of the experiences and ideals which are based around the handicapped and impaired. This leads to a belie f that the quality of life that one has who is impaired is limited in experience. However, those who are disabled may not have the limited experience or restrictions which others in society have labeled them with (Crow, 1996). Social Context of Disability The main stereotypes which are taken with the terms of disability are furthered by the ways in which society responds to the given labels which are created outside of medical terms. The first stigma which is created is one which leads to a sense of oppression. When one believes that an individual is disabled, then there is a perspective that this means all the functions and abilities of the individual are limited. The response is to oppress those who are in this state, such as not providing the same

London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

London - Essay Example However, temperatures below -20 degrees centigrade have been noted in the past one decade, but their accuracy is yet to be validated (Anderson, p. 27). The city has a cluster of activities, ranging from streets to places of entertainment. It is also a city with numerous economic activities since it is considered as a manufacturing center with a good industrial network. People working in the city engage in both official and casual activities. Examples of those who engage in official activities include teachers, lawyers, doctor and bankers. On the other hand, the casual workers include craftsmen, builders and wood choppers (Burling, p. 207). London has a rapidly growing population. The population has hit more than seven million over the past one decade. People are originating from all parts of the world to live in the city (Boulton, p. 105). They have come with different lifestyles and colorful festivals. That is why London is considered as a multicultural city since the Roman times. Currently, about a quarter of the city’s inhabitants are members of ethnic minorities. With the diverse culture of its inhabitants, London has a variety of dishes. These dishes include delicacies such as dosa deli, churros Garcia, grilling Greek and the orange buffalo (Lawley, p.

Liberalism remains hugely influential in British Politics Essay Example for Free

Liberalism remains hugely influential in British Politics Essay Liberalism remains hugely influential in British Politics, moulding the value systems and policies of all the mainstream political parties.’ Discuss. The prime focus of Liberalism is freedom and liberty; the type of liberty they strive for depends, however, on which of the two types of Liberalism is being referred to. Firstly; classical Liberalism, believing in negative freedom and progressive Liberalism leaning more towards positive freedom. I would argue that Liberalism does still have an influence in British politics; however I would not go as far as to say that it is ‘hugely’ influential. Firstly, I would outline that the Labour Party is possibly the least liberal in their political approach. Their manifesto does not set out many liberal policies due to their economical stance. The fact that Labour is traditionally a moderately socialist party, concentrating on equality within society and for this reason, they would steer away from the free-market and limited government intervention approaches that liberals may take to politics. The limited government that Classical liberals see as ideal would not appeal to the Labour party as they strive for the equality of their citizens and would feel that they need to impose policies, such as their policy on housing set out in their 2010 manifesto ‘No stamp duty for first-time buyers on all house purchases below  £250,000 for two years, paid for by a five per cent rate on homes worth more than  £1 million.’ This policy shows a socialist side to New Labour, highlighting a ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his need’ ideology within Labour politics. However, progressive liberalism may be seen to have had more of an influence on Labour Party politics. The fact that the Labour party believes in imposing policies of equality on society implies that they value positive freedom. Policies put forward such as the Equality Bill; which has been justified as a consolidation measure bringing different strands of anti-discrimination law together while implementing EU directives; highlight the controlled aspect of the Labour party’s equality regime. It could be argued that in the past, aspects of Liberalism, although neither truly Classical or Progressive, such as Neo-Liberalism have had a significant influence on British politics as well as the policies and value systems of the Conservative party in particular. During Thatcher’s time in office, she highlighted an ideal of a pragmatic means to progress. The Thatcherite Conservative party saw Neo-Liberalism as an obvious way to adapt to the constantly changing nature of modern political thought. Tony Blair’s New Labour could also be seen as a Neo-Liberal third way government, on both a social and economic scale. The current Conservative party however, seem to be significantly less affected by Liberalism. Arguably, the free-market ideals that Cameron appears to hold are seen as Neo-Liberal; however, it is apparent that in the current coalition government that Britain is currently led by, this free-market and Neo-Liberal philosophy has been limited to the catch-all demands of mainstream politics. This is apparent in Conservative economic policies such as that put forward in their 2010 pre-general election manifest: ‘A five per cent pay cut for Ministers followed by a five-year freeze, and a 10 per cent reduction in the number of MPs.’ This policy in itself shows how Cameron’s Conservative party are trying to appeal to the masses in controlling the pay of ministers. This does not necessarily denote a free-market approach to the economy and does not play into the meritocratic values that have been seen in the Conservative party in the past. It could also be argued however, that more prominent economic policies put forward in the Conservative manifesto pre-2010 have shown that Cameron’s Conservatives are moving toward the Neo-Liberal, Thatcherite ideology that the Conservative party once had. Although this may not have been the case when Cameron first became the leader of the Conservative party in 2005, aspects of his party’s general election manifesto in 2010, such as: ‘Reduce welfare dependency’ and ‘Stopping tax credits to families with incomes over  £50,000’ have proven to have shown the party’s shift back towards Thatcherite economic politics. These policies show a move back towards meritocratic society and a distinct step away from the ‘something for nothing’ culture that has emerged in modern Britain. Finally, the Liberal Democrats; both by name and by nature; are arguably more influenced by Liberalism than any other mainstream political party. Progressive Liberalism can be seen clearly in certain aspects of their recent policies, on education for example: ‘Cutting class sizes to ensure children get the individual attention they need.’ This is a fine example of how the Liberal Democrats would like to impose positive liberty and freedom on its citizens; cutting class sizes would increase individual attention and therefore arguably create more freedom and liberty for pupils in the long-term. It could also be argued however, that the Liberal Democrats are no longer such a liberal party, but more of a third way political party; much like the Conservative and Labour parties who have shifted towards the centre of political ideals and values in order to also become more ‘catch-all’ and appeal to the masses. In conclusion, I would argue that broadly Liberalism is not hugely influential in British politics as a whole and does not necessarily mould the value systems and policies of all the mainstream political parties. However, I would argue that liberalism still remains influential in certain specific parts of each party’s policies and value systems; therefore remaining an influential force, to an extent, in British politics.

Scientific Advance: Friend or Foe? :: Science Technology Essays

Scientific Advance: Friend or Foe? Scientists and non-scientists see the advances of technology in different ways. Scientists, like J. Michael Bishop, look at the possibilities technology offers while non-scientists, like Jeremy Rifkin and Mary Shelley, look at the potential chaos that could be caused by it. J. Michael Bishop is a professor of microbiology at the University of California, San Francisco. He is also winner of the Nobel Prize. He wrote, "Enemies of Promise" because he wanted to dispel the misconceptions that many people have about science, since he feels that these could have serious consequences for all Americans. Jeremy Rifkin is a well-known social activist who organized the 1968 March on the Pentagon and brought public attention to alleged U.S. war crimes in Vietnam. He is president of the nonprofit Foundation on Economic Trends. He is both criticized and admired for his condemnation on Biotechnology. Mary Shelley was the daughter of 2 influential people and became an influential writer herself in the early 1800s. Mary Shelley created a monstrous, powerful myth, which she used to warn ambitious scientists of the potential dangers contained in their creations. Her creation, Frankenstein, will forever be known as the monster that was created by Victor Frankenstein. The monster, a creature without a name of its own, that took the identity of its maker. Bishop argues that "Resistance to science is born out of fear." He blames ignorance of breeding this fear, and he blames ignorance of being, "our deepest malady" (241). Rifkin and Shelley on the other hand, accuse science of having the potential to evolve into something grotesque, monstrous and frightening. Bishop would say that this fear is born of ignorance while Rifkin and Shelley would argue it to stem from the potentiality of catastrophe, from the inability of man to predict the adaptability of nature, from the inability of man to anticipate the benefits that are likely to result from such experiments, and from the danger of acquiring knowledge and becoming greater than "his" (man's) nature will allow (321). J Michael Bishop in "Enemies of Promise" argues that we live in an age of scientific triumph in which science is mistrusted and under attack. He claims that some of the opposition to science comes from familiar sources. Some of these stem from religious fanatics who constantly push for creationism education in the public arena. These groups have a theological foundation to their opposition to the advances of science.

Theories of Aging

For this part of the assignment I am going to be describing two theories of ageing. Firstly I will be describing the Disengagement theory and then the Activity theory. I will then be comparing the similarities and differences between the two, and also writing up two case studies of older people and explain the development that occurs in older life, relating back to the theories I will have discussed. Firstly the theory of Social Disengagement, disengagement means a person’s withdrawal from involvement with anything. The theory was first put forward by two authors Cumming and Henry in 1961 who believed that it was natural for the elderly to withdraw from social involvement with others, due to having restricted opportunities to interact with other people. There are many issues that limit social interaction which results in disengagement. Some of these may be things like retirement, ill health, mobility, travel or technology. The theory of disengagement was widely accepted as other theorists such as Bromley (1974) agreed with the theory arguing that â€Å"although some individuals fight the process all the way, disengagement of some sort is bound to come, simply because old people have neither the physical not the mental resources they had when they were young. † Secondly the Activity theory, this theory argues that older people need to stay mentally and socially active to limit the risks of disengagement. Being active in older life can help people to overcome many of the problems and issues they will have to endure throughout the older lifestage. Being active can include taking part in sports and activities, joining clubs and groups to go on trips, outings, holidays and even simple things like continuing with hobbies such as gardening or walking the dog. Being active is very important for many reasons when a person is in the later years of life. It is believed that it’s not enough to simple provide facilities for older people they must be educated to make use of them and encouraged to abandon fixed habits. The main argument for the activity theory is that disengagement can ultimately result in loss of physical and mental skills due to lack of practice. My first case study is of a man named Howard Lane, he died aged 75 years old and had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s 9 years earlier. Over the 9 years his condition seriously deteriorated. Howard had had a very active life with various jobs such as a Clerk of Works at Par Docks, a mental nurse and other physically demanding roles. He had been married for 52 years and had two grown up children, a daughter Jennie who had two children and a son Richard who had four children. Howard was a very involved grandparent throughout the whole of his grandchildren’s lives until his condition deteriorated so badly he couldn’t even tell who they were anymore. As Howard reached retirement he remained a very engaged active person despite the label he was now given as being ‘old. ’ He very much fitted the role within the activity theory, regularly exercising, seeing his family, keeping in contact with them in a number of ways. He and his wife had a particular passion for ballroom dancing†¦ they had won competitions! He had a very healthy appetite, and had never smoked or drank at all throughout his life. Although Howard had always been healthy and had no previous health issues and had stayed active throughout his final lifestage he still developed the disease Alzheimer’s. As the illness progressed Howard gradually changed as a person. He became forgetful, got confused easily, and as he began to seriously deteriorate he became violent at times, physically incapable of doing things for himself, he would forget things that had happened and who people were. Further into his illness Howard became more and more disengaged. His whole life had changed due to the process of ageing along with the unfortunate illness he had. Not only had the disengagement affected Howard as a person it was also affecting a lot around him. Firstly the most obvious effect it was having was on Howard’s family. They began to be constantly worry about him therefore would be constantly in contact asking him if he was ok. It also put a large amount of stress on his wife Vera, and because she was in her older age as well she found it very hard to deal with the stress she was under. By the time Howard was the age of 71 Vera had no other option but to put Howard in a nursing home so he could receive the care that he needed. Due to Howard’s illness Vera had now become disengaged, she had spent all of her time looking after her husband, worrying about him and visiting him constantly. Another major factor that affected Vera’s stress was the fees she had to pay at the nursing home. She was very worried about the scale of the costs and was worried about having to sell her home. She had gradually lost contact with her friends and had no time for any personal hobbies or even time to properly look after herself and because of this Vera had become stressed and run down and was finding caring for Howard very hard to cope with. Her biggest worry and fear constantly being how she would cope with it if Howard died. Bereavement is usually hard to cope with for the elderly especially disengaged people, they are likely to feel more isolated and alone and this is what Vera was frightened of. In actual fact Vera died suddenly in December 2003, shortly followed by Howard June 2004. By this time Howard had no understanding of anyone around him as he had little response to anything, therefore he did not grieve for his wife as he didn’t even understand that she was gone. Their family described it as a blessing because in this way Vera never had to cope with the bereavement of losing her partner and neither did he. Overall retirement did have a positive effect on Vera and Howard to begin with. They had more freedom to be active, pursue their hobbies, spend time together, and with their loved ones. However old age brought ill health which caused Vera and Howard to disengage and become isolated from others which continued to bring ill health and stress. My second case study is about a woman named Ruth Cohen. Ruth Cohen is an 84 year old woman, she had previously been a teacher for nearly 40 years. Ruth has one son of 60 who has two daughters Lisa and Issie, Lisa has a son of 17. Ruth is a very old woman and has a number of health problems including arthritis, high blood pressure, and sight and hearing problems. However Ruth has lead a very healthy and active retirement. Since Ruth has retired she has done voluntary work for a number of charities and her local church as she is a very religious woman. Even in her late 70’s Ruth attends church every Sunday and helped to run the local Sunday school. She regularly met her friends from church to go out for tea. She tries to visit her children and grandchild as much as she can however due to her eyesight she cannot drive anymore so her only way of seeing them is to get the bus. In her old age, Ruth despite still being so active has become quite frail and is frightened easily therefore tries to avoid going to places with people she doesn’t know, she tends to stay in her own village, go to the same shops and see the same people every day. Ruth was married for 60 years to James, unfortunately 14 years ago James passed away due to a heart attack. Ruth obviously had a hard time with the loss of her husband of 60 years however because of the lifestyle Ruth led she managed to carry on with her life and avoided becoming disengaged and easily accepted the support and help of ther whereas a lot of people cannot do so so easily. Because of Ruth’s personality and the way she was her family didn’t feel like they had to constantly worry about her and they knew she would be getting on fine without their constant care. However Ruth is getting rather old now so they do visit more frequently and her granddaughter Issie bought her a dog to keep her compan y and occupied. As Ruth entered her 80’s the physical ageing process could no longer be avoided and began to take over her life. She became very weak and could only walk with a Zimmer frame, she became increasingly isolated in her home due to mobility issues and although people did visit she began to feel lonely and depressed. This case study is perfect evidence of the disengagement theory. Although Ruth remained active and dealt with the bereavement she endured and her health issues it was inevitable that age caught up on her, she lead a fulfilling retirement and kept up all of her routines and hobbies as long as she physically could but eventually her mobility limited her life and effected her emotionally as well as physically. Theories of Aging For this part of the assignment I am going to be describing two theories of ageing. Firstly I will be describing the Disengagement theory and then the Activity theory. I will then be comparing the similarities and differences between the two, and also writing up two case studies of older people and explain the development that occurs in older life, relating back to the theories I will have discussed. Firstly the theory of Social Disengagement, disengagement means a person’s withdrawal from involvement with anything. The theory was first put forward by two authors Cumming and Henry in 1961 who believed that it was natural for the elderly to withdraw from social involvement with others, due to having restricted opportunities to interact with other people. There are many issues that limit social interaction which results in disengagement. Some of these may be things like retirement, ill health, mobility, travel or technology. The theory of disengagement was widely accepted as other theorists such as Bromley (1974) agreed with the theory arguing that â€Å"although some individuals fight the process all the way, disengagement of some sort is bound to come, simply because old people have neither the physical not the mental resources they had when they were young. † Secondly the Activity theory, this theory argues that older people need to stay mentally and socially active to limit the risks of disengagement. Being active in older life can help people to overcome many of the problems and issues they will have to endure throughout the older lifestage. Being active can include taking part in sports and activities, joining clubs and groups to go on trips, outings, holidays and even simple things like continuing with hobbies such as gardening or walking the dog. Being active is very important for many reasons when a person is in the later years of life. It is believed that it’s not enough to simple provide facilities for older people they must be educated to make use of them and encouraged to abandon fixed habits. The main argument for the activity theory is that disengagement can ultimately result in loss of physical and mental skills due to lack of practice. My first case study is of a man named Howard Lane, he died aged 75 years old and had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s 9 years earlier. Over the 9 years his condition seriously deteriorated. Howard had had a very active life with various jobs such as a Clerk of Works at Par Docks, a mental nurse and other physically demanding roles. He had been married for 52 years and had two grown up children, a daughter Jennie who had two children and a son Richard who had four children. Howard was a very involved grandparent throughout the whole of his grandchildren’s lives until his condition deteriorated so badly he couldn’t even tell who they were anymore. As Howard reached retirement he remained a very engaged active person despite the label he was now given as being ‘old. ’ He very much fitted the role within the activity theory, regularly exercising, seeing his family, keeping in contact with them in a number of ways. He and his wife had a particular passion for ballroom dancing†¦ they had won competitions! He had a very healthy appetite, and had never smoked or drank at all throughout his life. Although Howard had always been healthy and had no previous health issues and had stayed active throughout his final lifestage he still developed the disease Alzheimer’s. As the illness progressed Howard gradually changed as a person. He became forgetful, got confused easily, and as he began to seriously deteriorate he became violent at times, physically incapable of doing things for himself, he would forget things that had happened and who people were. Further into his illness Howard became more and more disengaged. His whole life had changed due to the process of ageing along with the unfortunate illness he had. Not only had the disengagement affected Howard as a person it was also affecting a lot around him. Firstly the most obvious effect it was having was on Howard’s family. They began to be constantly worry about him therefore would be constantly in contact asking him if he was ok. It also put a large amount of stress on his wife Vera, and because she was in her older age as well she found it very hard to deal with the stress she was under. By the time Howard was the age of 71 Vera had no other option but to put Howard in a nursing home so he could receive the care that he needed. Due to Howard’s illness Vera had now become disengaged, she had spent all of her time looking after her husband, worrying about him and visiting him constantly. Another major factor that affected Vera’s stress was the fees she had to pay at the nursing home. She was very worried about the scale of the costs and was worried about having to sell her home. She had gradually lost contact with her friends and had no time for any personal hobbies or even time to properly look after herself and because of this Vera had become stressed and run down and was finding caring for Howard very hard to cope with. Her biggest worry and fear constantly being how she would cope with it if Howard died. Bereavement is usually hard to cope with for the elderly especially disengaged people, they are likely to feel more isolated and alone and this is what Vera was frightened of. In actual fact Vera died suddenly in December 2003, shortly followed by Howard June 2004. By this time Howard had no understanding of anyone around him as he had little response to anything, therefore he did not grieve for his wife as he didn’t even understand that she was gone. Their family described it as a blessing because in this way Vera never had to cope with the bereavement of losing her partner and neither did he. Overall retirement did have a positive effect on Vera and Howard to begin with. They had more freedom to be active, pursue their hobbies, spend time together, and with their loved ones. However old age brought ill health which caused Vera and Howard to disengage and become isolated from others which continued to bring ill health and stress. My second case study is about a woman named Ruth Cohen. Ruth Cohen is an 84 year old woman, she had previously been a teacher for nearly 40 years. Ruth has one son of 60 who has two daughters Lisa and Issie, Lisa has a son of 17. Ruth is a very old woman and has a number of health problems including arthritis, high blood pressure, and sight and hearing problems. However Ruth has lead a very healthy and active retirement. Since Ruth has retired she has done voluntary work for a number of charities and her local church as she is a very religious woman. Even in her late 70’s Ruth attends church every Sunday and helped to run the local Sunday school. She regularly met her friends from church to go out for tea. She tries to visit her children and grandchild as much as she can however due to her eyesight she cannot drive anymore so her only way of seeing them is to get the bus. In her old age, Ruth despite still being so active has become quite frail and is frightened easily therefore tries to avoid going to places with people she doesn’t know, she tends to stay in her own village, go to the same shops and see the same people every day. Ruth was married for 60 years to James, unfortunately 14 years ago James passed away due to a heart attack. Ruth obviously had a hard time with the loss of her husband of 60 years however because of the lifestyle Ruth led she managed to carry on with her life and avoided becoming disengaged and easily accepted the support and help of ther whereas a lot of people cannot do so so easily. Because of Ruth’s personality and the way she was her family didn’t feel like they had to constantly worry about her and they knew she would be getting on fine without their constant care. However Ruth is getting rather old now so they do visit more frequently and her granddaughter Issie bought her a dog to keep her compan y and occupied. As Ruth entered her 80’s the physical ageing process could no longer be avoided and began to take over her life. She became very weak and could only walk with a Zimmer frame, she became increasingly isolated in her home due to mobility issues and although people did visit she began to feel lonely and depressed. This case study is perfect evidence of the disengagement theory. Although Ruth remained active and dealt with the bereavement she endured and her health issues it was inevitable that age caught up on her, she lead a fulfilling retirement and kept up all of her routines and hobbies as long as she physically could but eventually her mobility limited her life and effected her emotionally as well as physically.

How the Internet Effect Culture

Evaluate how the internet has impacted culture Introduction Nowadays internet have been effected many areas of our ways of life, work and the culture very much. Primarily, I need to define the culture, culture refers to the Culture consists of model, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts. Hofestede, 1997) According to Brown, A (1995)and Schein, E (1994), a simple of way defining culture is shared meaning and behavior rules, that’s basic means that the culture need to communication or shared and behavior rules in the groups This easy will evaluate how the internet has impacted culture. Internet effect culture completely in variety of different ways, these could divide by positive and negative effect on culture in totally.People have different ideas as for the topic; some people believe that the internet brought so many negatives for us. Ho wever, I will attempt to demonstrate that the positive effect of internet on education, economic and communication in the essay. It is clear that internet have many benefits effect on culture. With the easy accessibility of information, cultures have been able to advance in many ways.Education is a particularly way in which achievement of culture has occurred, recently, People can learn about anything using the internet. For example there are many organizations and companies set up the training class online, such as the business skill, accounting, art and some else like these are slowly popular in common, and also there are some school adopt the distance education, in result of that students needn’t to go to school.The above evidence illustrates that the internet improving the education advancement and people can be easy get a lots of information and also study knowledge by themselves online. (Chad Stetson,) Cultures have also advanced economically according to Hermeking, M. (2005) discuss that the internet allow for marketing and selling products and by comparison, nowadays there are more shopping ways than before, and so many people choose shopping online, some shopping websites like EBay and ASOS.And in other hand, the business are growing because the internet allow the firms could be base on internet, for example, Face book is a company solely run on the internet, moreover some companies have a services online, such as the stock market and bank online as well, you can focus on information that change and add, at every time and anywhere. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the internet also caused that the culture advanced economically, the business are more efficiency and readily. Hermeking, M. (2005) It is evident that internet increased the culture of communication.For example according to Karen Boyajy Doctoral Candidate (2004) the internet has been became society’s primary source of communication, and the e-mail is a excellent way to communicate with people and send files, for instances photos and documents and some else like these, in the same way, the social networking such as Facebook and Twitter allow people communicate in real time by status updates and these social net-working are the most popularity nowadays it became the mainstream culture ,people communicate their ideas the daily life via these blogs and chat forums.To sum up internet increased the culture of communication, and bring the benefits which are people could enjoy the entertainment make the friends from difference place and also more convenience than before. Some authors take the opposite view that there is much incorrect information on internet.Nowadays, in the whole of the internet environment every one could set websites by themselves, therefore the contents are hard to hard to differentiate between them, and also in some legitimate websites have many mendacious advertisement and usually these information order to obtain the profit to make the unrealistic result the medicine is a practically example. Some people want to lose weight by medicine instead of exercise as result of that buy these false products online. Once people to search it probably get the damage for them health.Some people, however, claim that due to the companies and Hackers caused the uses privacy get threaten. According to the Morgan (2012) the hackers steal more than 6. 5 Million Passwords, according to Norwegian website Dagens. Many of those hacked passwords have now been decrypted. And in addition, the iOS App Leaks User Info. The problem affects users that enable the feature which allows them to view their iOS calendar within the app, computer crime have many harms in various areas for example the Transnational nature of computer crime and the loss is big, development is rapid, wide range. Enotes) Not everyone agrees with the above claims, the internet promote the globalization culture. And in result of that a lots of cultures are losing (H ubpages). The cultures of the countries that have more powerful than others, because, the rich countries produce many things that can effect cultures, there are many evidences could be demonstrate, For example . the clothes, the Hollywood movies have the USA culture and technologic products such as Apple’s electronics.Owing to the push of globalization some countries people are ignorant and follow blindly to absorb new culture and give up the original culture of them. Therefore, globalization damages small cultures which in risk of being extinct (NaikLast 2011) Probably, these views may seem persuasive, but as for first contrasting ideas are not certain ideas. Although, there the so many incorrect information and false adverting online, the most websites are academic normal and credible, such as England’s website the BBC NEWS (2012) and the USA’S American VOICE RIDIO and the China’s CCTV NEWS.People could be get the information from these websites. Such a s the business news sports music anything else like these. Constitutionally these websites are usually given the creditable information and knowledge.. As for the second contrasting idea while this claim may seem plausible at first, because of the damage are huge and seriously, as for the activities to steal others people privacy to profit is a criminal act. The all of the governments or others specialize department will adopt the ways to solving and limit these situation. ENOTES) The third contrasting ideas in reality, however, this view is not very persuasive because the push of the globalization culture are challenge and opportunities, the reasons why these new culture probably new force and passion, moreover it could improving the culture of them, and in addition, learn the new culture keep the step of the world don’t seclude the country from the outside world. Because the whole of the world are absorbing the difference culture from difference for example the Hollywood mo vies are always using the difference culture in it such as the kungfu panda combine the Chinese culture and America culture (2004)In the end of the presentation, I would like to say something. The internet will continue to change our cultures in many ways with future advances and increasing usage. It is very important to study the effects it produces so we can learn how to limit the negative effects and boost the positive effects. By studying these effects, we can ensure that the future holds great possibilities References list (n. d)http://ruud. hubpages. com/hub/Disadvantages-of-Globalization McKenzie E (n,d,) The Impact of the Internet on Globalization retrieved from http://www. ehow. om/info_12040126_impact-internet-globalization. html The Advantages & Disadvantages of The Internet Available at http://www. pondered. org/the_internet. html Justyna P Negative Effects of Internet Usage Available at http://www. ehow. com/info_8115765_negative-effects-internet-usage. html (no date)(A ccessed:26 March 2013) Morgan G, Cross (2012) Hackers Steal 6. 5 Million Passwords iOS App Leaking User Info Available at:http://searchenginewatch. com/article/2182542/LinkedIn-Hackers-Steal-6. 5-Million-Passwords-iOS-App-Leaking-User-Info http://instagram. om/about/legal/privacy/(2012)(Accessed:26 March 2013) Carney1 R (2009) The Internet’s Impact on Culture: Shifting the Balance to the Center pp. 355_364 Vol. 9, No. 4, Hermeking, M. (2005). Culture and Internet consumption: Contributions from cross-cultural marketing and advertising research. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(1), article 10. 10TH October 2012 http://www. bbc. co. uk/webwise/guides/what-is-the-internet Mazzarella W (2004) CULTURE, GLOBALIZATION, MEDIATION Annual Review of Anthropology; 33, Academic Research Library pg. 345 http://www. enotes. com/internet-article

Eco Tourism In Costa Rica Essays - Tourism In Costa Rica, Costa Rica

Eco Tourism In Costa Rica Essays - Tourism In Costa Rica, Costa Rica Eco Tourism In Costa Rica The Republic of Costa Rica is in the midst of a dramatic transition from a small, Central American nation known for its bananas and good coffee into a gateway for international commerce between Latin America and the rest of the world and a well traveled, if not over traveled, tourist destinationand rightfully so. Costa Rica is a highly attractive country filled with beautiful mountain ranges, undisturbed beaches and friendly natives or Ticos. In addition, Costa Rica offers a highly educated work force, a stable economic and political environment, and exceptional communications and transportation networksespecially in comparison to its neighbors, Panama and Nicaragua. All of these national characteristics, and others, have been fueling a movement of multi-national companies, American retirees and tourists from around the world into Costa Rica, in order to benefit from these treasures. One may adequately predict that Costa Rica, specifically the capital city of San Jose and the coastal regions on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, have the potential of becoming the Silicon Valley and Ft. Lauderdale of Central America. That is to say, the major U.S. and European firms in the personal computer and software industries, along with retirees and tourists, will continue this trend of moving into Costa Rica for the next twenty five years and maybe more. This trend and its longevity present geographers, environmentalists, politicians and economists with a seemingly insurmountable task of preventing the destruction of Costa Ricas environment, culture, society and natural

Effective Ways to Overcome Postnatal Depression While Studying

Effective Ways to Overcome Postnatal Depression While Studying Postpartum depression can be a serious condition that mothers who have recently given birth may face. Being a new mother in school can be challenging enough, but if symptoms of postpartum depression occur, it can be even more stressful. What Is Postpartum Depression? Postpartum depression is a condition that can develop anywhere from three weeks to a year after the birth of a child. Symptoms include: feelings of sadness hopelessness loss of appetite urge to sleep all the time inability to practice self-care difficulty performing simple tasks trouble with focusing and loss of memory anxiety and feelings of guilt over not being able to bond with or care for your baby If you are experiencing these symptoms, know that you are not alone: about 1 in 7 mothers experience postpartum depression. Postpartum depression can be brought on by a number of factors. The sudden drop in hormones after the birth of a child can lead to depression. Being in a stressful environment or experiencing relationship strain between you and the child’s father may lead to depression. How to Overcome Postpartum Depression? If you’re in school and experiencing symptoms of postpartum depression, here are some things you can do to get help and alleviate symptoms. #1 See a Doctor The first thing you should do any time you’re feeling depressed, regardless of whether or not it’s due to postpartum is to talk to a doctor or psychologist. They can help you work through the emotions you’re feeling and build a plan for how to cope with them. Getting professional help can also take a lot of the burden off of you to get better on your own. You will still have to do your part and participate as well as you can in the sessions, but allowing someone who is an expert in this subject to take the reins can be a huge relief to a lot of new mothers. #2 Keep the Journal It can be helpful to write your thoughts down in a journal, even if there are painful thoughts. Having a place to express your feelings and let things out can also help you organize your thoughts. You may also do some journaling exercises that help you think positive thoughts like write down things you’re grateful for or writing down activities you look forward to doing with your baby. #3 Talk to Your Advisor Don’t be afraid to talk to the staff at school, particularly your advisor. If you don’t have a close relationship with your advisor, but you do with another professor, don’t hesitate to reach out and let them know you’ve been struggling with postpartum depression. You may be able to negotiate some of the workload or come up with a plan to help support you in this process. #4 Reach Out to Friends Friends and loved ones are there for a reason, and that’s to enjoy the good times and stick by you in the challenging ones. Accept help when it’s offered and ask for it when you need it. Many of your friends will be relieved to be able to be of use to you, especially when they see you’re struggling. Let them babysit your baby while you get a massage or a hair-cut or go for a walk by yourself. Organizing the time and a support team that allows you to perform self-care can help to alleviate feelings of stress and pressure. #5 Eat Well As a new mother, your body needs nutrients to recover from the stress of carrying a child and going through the birthing process. Foods like salmon contain DHA which, in addition to being healthy for your baby if you are breastfeeding, can also help prevent postpartum depression. However, because salmon also contains mercury, it’s advisable to limit its consumption to 12 ounces or two servings a week. Other foods such as low-fat dairy, lean beef, legumes, blueberries, brown rice, oranges, eggs, whole-wheat bread, leafy greens, whole-grain cereal and lots of water can all contribute to a healthy and energetic body and mind. #6 Exercise Exercise may be the last thing you want to do when you’re experiencing postpartum depression, but it can be one of the greatest tools to help you feel better. Exercise is an important part of your health and self-care and making time for it can greatly improve your self-esteem and boost energy levels. Simple exercises like walking, sit-ups, kegels, cat/cow pelvic tilts can help you tone and stretch parts of your body. You can also do workouts with your baby which are convenient when you want to work out but can’t find a sitter. They can be a fun way to bond with your baby. Take advantage of your school’s nursery (if they have one) and hit the gym as often as you can. #7 Join a New Mom’s Group New mothers have a lot in common and joining a new mom’s group can help you to make new friends, learn that you’re not alone in what you’re going through and give you resources on how to alleviate some of the challenges you’re experiencing. Feeling alone can really trigger depression and joining a group helps you to know you’re not alone. #8 Consider Switching to Online Though new mothers can absolutely be successful students on campus, sometimes it can be a challenge that feels too overwhelming. If you feel self-conscious about your body or weight, or it’s difficult for you to breast-feed among your peers or your class schedule feels overwhelming, an online course could provide relief from some of those things. If switching to online, make sure you still maintain contact with friends and family members. Isolation will only increase the feelings of depression. For studying mothers, postpartum depression can be a difficult challenge that can feel debilitating. However, taking certain actions such as talking to a psychologist, journaling your feelings, talking to your advisor or other trusted professor, reaching out to friends and loved ones, eating well, getting some exercise, joining a new mom’s group and possibly switching to an online course can all help to alleviate the effects of postpartum depression.

Pastoral communication to the migrants (Reference to African Roman Dissertation

Pastoral communication to the migrants (Reference to African Roman Catholic ) - Dissertation Example According to Official documents of the Roman Catholic Church, 2004), â€Å"Today’s migration makes up the vastest movement of people of all times. In these last decades, the phenomenon, now involving about two hundred million individuals, has turned into a structural reality of contemporary society.† This is also a reason, accounting for the attention that the church gives to migrants. However, in order that pastors in the African Catholic Church deliver their pastoral duties successfully and in a way that ensures that the dream of the church is lived, there is the urgent need to address the issue of communication between pastors and migrants. This is because communication forms the basis of every kind of support and help given to migrants. This means that good communication can ensure success whereas bad communication would be tantamount to failure. Steele (2010) posits that â€Å"communication is a process by which information is exchanged†. This skill is essen tially important in pastoral services rendered to migrants. However, before a pastor even says ‘jack’ to communicating with migrants, there are a couple of factors to consider. In the first place, it is extremely important for the pastor to understand into detail, the cause of the migration. In Africa for instance, a lot of people migrate because of harsh economic, social and political conditions in their countries.

Human Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources - Assignment Example Human Resources By choosing random individuals who are completely unaware that they are participating in a study realistically has the greatest likelihood of providing the most natural and uninhibited responses and reactions. People who are being watched, often, behave much differently than those who do not. So that part is an agreeable means to attain information that is completely uninfluenced by the research. However, by having no in-depth or personal knowledge of the test subjects there is now way of knowing if there are extenuating circumstances or variables that may make them poor candidates for such study. For example, some people suffer from a psychological or medical issues or inability to use the restroom when others are present, this preexisting condition could contribute to the study’s intention in a negative way; there slow or complete inability to urinate may have nothing at all to do with arousal. â€Å"Although the parameters of these measures have not been extensively studied, the present study implies that they have some construct validity as indicators of arousal† (Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter 544-545). Here they already are attributing the results that they gained as indicative of validation of the hypothesis that arousal can occur from the nearness of other men when urinating in a public restroom. However, the results of their study do not, however, randomly the participants selected, are not representative of the whole of society. Researchers said, that â€Å"†¦during tests of the experimental procedures, none of the test subjects had any suspicions about the confederate's activity† (Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter 545). They repeat this point multiple times in the course of the article. That the lack of knowledge of the test subjects that somehow, again, speaks to the universality of their results, which there is no direct evidence of. In fact, re gardless of the â€Å"promising† results they recorded there is actually no guaranteeing evidence that men are, often, aroused when near to others while urinating at a public urinal; and whether or not the slowness to begin urination or the shortness of its duration has anything to do with arousal, since most men complain of discomfort and unpleasantness associated with personal space violations in public restrooms. †¢Did the authors have any other purposes for sampling besides trying to enable generalization to a population? If so, describe this (these) purpose(s) Well there is a duality in their overall efforts to begin with. Although this study is specifically geared to determining the potential arousal responses of men when urinating while their space is invaded, there are other accessory purposes mentioned. Firstly, are the greater studies being attributed to invasion of personal space. Most of those studies have already indicated that there may be biological reacti on that can occur that might interfere with the immediacy and duration of urination that can be